Cultural dominance: language vs religion

Comparing countries where cultural identity is shaped primarily by language or by religion.

Language-dominant countries

Country Major languages Major religions
Kenya Swahili (macrolanguage) 2
Madagascar Malagasy 2
United Republic of Tanzania Swahili (macrolanguage) 2
Angola Portuguese 2
China, Taiwan Province of China Mandarin Chinese 4
Dem. People's Republic of Korea Korean 2
Japan Japanese 2
Republic of Korea Korean 3
Bangladesh Bengali 2
Indonesia Indonesian 2
Philippines Filipino 2
Viet Nam Vietnamese 3
United Arab Emirates Arabic 3
Czechia Czech 2
Poland Polish 2
Russian Federation Russian 3
Ukraine Ukrainian 2
Sweden Swedish 3
United Kingdom English 3
Italy Italian 2
Portugal Portuguese 2
Spain Spanish 2
France French 3
Germany German 3
Netherlands Dutch 3
Cuba Spanish 3
Dominican Republic Spanish 2
Haiti Haitian 2
Guatemala Spanish 2
Honduras Spanish 2
Mexico Spanish 2
Argentina Spanish 2
Brazil Portuguese 3
Chile Spanish 2
Colombia Spanish 2
Ecuador Spanish 2
Peru Spanish 2
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Spanish 2
Australia English 2

Religion-dominant countries

Country Dominant religion Major languages
Burundi Christianity 3
Kenya Christianity 3
Malawi Christianity 3
Rwanda Christianity 3
Somalia Islam 3
Uganda Christianity 3
Zambia Christianity 3
Zimbabwe Christianity 3
Angola Christianity 3
Democratic Republic of the Congo Christianity 3
Algeria Islam 3
Egypt Islam 3
Morocco Islam 3
Sudan Islam 3
Tunisia Islam 3
South Africa Christianity 3
Guinea Islam 3
Mali Islam 3
Niger Islam 3
Senegal Islam 3
Tajikistan Islam 3
Uzbekistan Islam 3
China Unaffiliated 3
Afghanistan Islam 3
Bangladesh Islam 3
Iran (Islamic Republic of) Islam 3
Nepal Hinduism 3
Pakistan Islam 3
Cambodia Buddhism 3
Indonesia Islam 3
Myanmar Buddhism 3
Philippines Christianity 3
Thailand Buddhism 3
Azerbaijan Islam 3
Iraq Islam 3
Jordan Islam 3
Saudi Arabia Islam 3
Syrian Arab Republic Islam 3
Türkiye Islam 3
Yemen Islam 3
Poland Christianity 3
Romania Christianity 3
Ukraine Christianity 3
Italy Christianity 3
Portugal Christianity 3
Haiti Christianity 3
Guatemala Christianity 3
Honduras Christianity 3
Argentina Christianity 3
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Christianity 3
Brazil Christianity 3
Ecuador Christianity 3
Peru Christianity 3
Papua New Guinea Christianity 3